The Declaration of Valencia (1996)

Preface:  The Declaration of Valencia (1996) was adopted by the First International Seminar Forum UNESCO – University and Heritage (FUUH), Valencia, Spain, October, 1996.

The Declaration outlines the objectives of Forum UNESCO – University and Heritage (FUUH):

• University and Heritage, a network of universities concerned with the protection of cultural heritage and the role of universities in supporting efforts to conserve cultural heritage.
• The network encourages the teaching of cultural heritage, cooperation and exchange between universities, and the mobilization of human and technical resources for the protection of cultural heritage.
• The Declaration recommends that theoretical knowledge be supplemented by practical experience and encourages the development of mutual understanding between students through exchange programs.

Recognizing the responsibility and the important role by universities to facilitate heritage safeguarding and conservation, and taking into accountthe immense necessity of this field, decide to create an international Forum UNESCO – University and Heritage (FUUH) network, co-ordinated by UNESCO and the Polytechnic University of Valencia in order to:

• bring awareness to young university students, as well as the general u population, to participate actively in the valuation, protection, safeguarding and promotion of cultural heritage, rendering this a common act for practicing citizenship.
• install and reinforce the international/national co-operation among universities, the co-operation of which is based on mutual exchange and solidarity about heritage.

What’s Forum UNESCO – University and Heritage (FUUH) ?

Forum UNESCO – University and Heritage (FUUH) is a UNESCO project for undertaking activities to protect and safeguard the cultural and natural heritage, through an international network of higher education. FUUH is under the joint responsibility of the UNESCO World Heritage Centre and the Universitat Politècnica de València (UPV) Spain.

Forum UNESCO – University and Heritage aims to be informed or to disseminate information widely about disaster and risk mitigation and management news and activities implemented by universities through the use of the network database freely accessible online.

To this date, International Seminars have been organized, in Valencia, Spain (1996 & 2001); Quebec, Canada (1997); Melbourne, Australia (1998); AI Akhawayn, Morocco (1999); Byblos and Beirut, Lebanon (2000); Amman, Petra and Irbid, Jordan (2002); San Cristobal de La Laguna, Spain (2003); Buenos Aires, Argentina (2004); Newcastle, United Kingdom (2005) and Florence, Italy (2006).  Most important resulting documents have been brought out:

• The Declaration of Valencia (Spain, 1996)
  • The Declaration of Valencia. http://orcp.hustoj.com/2016/01/30/declaration-of-valencia-1996/
• The Declaration of Quebec (Canada, 1997)
  • The Declaration of Quebec. http://orcp.hustoj.com/2016/02/02/declaration-of-quebec-1997/
• The Declaration of Melbourne (Australia, 1998)
  • The Declaration of Melbourne. http://orcp.hustoj.com/2016/02/06/declaration-of-melbourne1998/
• The Declaration of AI Akhawayn (Morocco, 1999)
  • The Declaration of AI Akhawayn (1999). http://orcp.hustoj.com/2016/02/07/ai-akhawayn-1999/
• The Charter of Vice-Chancellors (Paris, June 1999)
  • The Charter of Vice-Chancellors. http://orcp.hustoj.com/2016/02/07/charter-of-vice-chancellors-1999/

What’s UNESCO Chair Forum University and Heritage?

The UNESCO Chair Forum University and Heritage, established in July 2013, brings the experience in the management of the international network in the field of higher education “Forum UNESCO – University and Heritage” (FUUH) created in 1995 through an agreement between UNESCO and the Universitat Politècnica de València (UPV) with the aim of involving professors, researchers, students and professionals around the world in activities in favour of protection and safeguard of the cultural and natural heritage respecting UNESCO’s ideals.

With this goal and throughout this time, the FUUH network has carried out numerous workshops, exhibitions, publications, training courses and projects, especially highlighting their International Seminars. These activities have counted with the participation of worldwide heritage specialists and commitment of universities through institutional agreements.

The UNESCO Chair Forum University and Heritage expresses the commitment of the UPV to continue contributing to the preservation and enhancement of heritage through the cooperation between universities and promoting the growth and exchange of knowledge in the FUUH network, nowadays coordinated in collaboration with the World Heritage Centre (WHC) of UNESCO and has currently more than 3,000 individual members from 130 countries worldwide.

• Chairs List:
  • http://www.unesco.org/new/fileadmin/MULTIMEDIA/HQ/ED/pdf/listchairs17012014.pdf
• Practical Guide
  • http://unesdoc.unesco.org/images/0014/001439/143918e.pdf

Moreover, all 5 key functions of UNESCO are represented in this Chair through its activities:

• Capacity-building
• Clearing House
• Laboratory of Ideas
• Standard-setting
• International cooperation

In this context, the work area and objectives of the UNESCO Chair contribute to:

• Encourage cooperation in higher education, the sciences, culture, communication and information, being common to the UNESCO Medium-term Strategy 2014-2021, in particular with the following strategic objectives:
  • Promoting international scientific cooperation on critical challenges to sustainable development.
  • Supporting inclusive social development, fostering intercultural dialogue for the rapprochement of cultures and promoting ethical principles.
  • Protecting, promoting and transmitting heritage.
  • Fostering creativity and the diversity of cultural expressions.
  • Promoting freedom of expression, media development and access to information and knowledge using the ICTs.

• The protection of heritage, considering its diversity (natural and cultural, movable and immovable, tangible and intangible), taking into account its diverse forms and its triple function: identity, vector of development and instrument of reconciliation.

• The dissemination and the implementation of international conventions related to the protection of cultural heritage (1954, 1970, 1972 and 2001), natural heritage (1972) and intangible heritage (2003), notably reinforcing the strategic objective of UNESCO to “Sustainable Protection  and enhancement of  cultural heritage”.

Category

Date

1996

Promulgation

the First International Seminar Forum UNESCO – University and Heritage (FUUH), Valencia, Spain, October, 1996.

Descriptions

• The Declaration outlines the objectives of Forum UNESCO: University and Heritage, a network of universities concerned with the protection of cultural heritage and the role of universities in supporting efforts to conserve cultural heritage.
• The network encourages the teaching of cultural heritage, cooperation and exchange between universities, and the mobilization of human and technical resources for the protection of cultural heritage.
• It recommends that theoretical knowledge be supplemented by practical experience and encourages the development of mutual understanding between students through

Source

http://www.unesco.org/culture/forum/html_eng/spain.shtml

Download

http://www.unesco.org/culture/forum/html_eng/spain.shtml

Preview

Declaration of Valencia

First International Seminar Forum UNESCO – University and Heritage (FUUH), Valencia, Spain, October, 1996

The representatives of universities participating at the 1st Forum UNESCO-University and Heritage Seminar, and together with ICCROM, ICOM, ICOMOS and IFLA.

Recognizing the responsibility and the important role by universities to facilitate heritage safeguarding and conservation,

and taking into account the immense necessity of this field,

decide to create an international Forum UNESCO – University and Heritage network, coordinated by UNESCO and the Polytechnic University of Valencia in order to:

• bring awareness to young university students, as well as the general population, to participate actively in the valuation, protection, safeguarding and promotion of cultural heritage, rendering this a common act for practicing citizenship.
• install and reinforce the international/national co-operation among universities, the co-operation of which is based on mutual exchange and solidarity about heritage.

Urge universities

• To mobilize at the national/international level the human and technical resources of universities for the benefit of the conservation of cultural heritage.
• To raise awareness among young students of their responsibility in safeguarding and conservation of heritage
• To create a solidarity movement, by means of linking the universities on a regional and international scale.
• To reinforce inter-university co-operation through the transmission of knowledge and experience in the field of heritage.
• To develop further curricula related to cultural heritage and improve its theoretical and practical approaches.
• To promote mutual understanding among students from various cultures and a multicultural dialogue for peace building

And further invite universities :

• To create local/national networks.
• To develop further co-operation at the national and international level with other Universities in the field of heritage.
• To create the Forum UNESCO network database.
• To promote the creation of UNESCO Heritage Chairs.
• To identify specific operational projects.

PRIORITY ACTIONS

• To organize the co-operation, in response to the wishes of the representatives of Rwanda and Cameroon in the framework of the program “priority Africa” of UNESCO.
• To prepare the next Seminar, scheduled in September 1997. (Notes: In fact, the Second International Seminar Forum UNESCO – University and Heritage was held at Université Laval, Québec, Canada, 5-10 Oct., 1997. Further information see Declaration of Quebec (1997).)

References

• The Declaration of Melbourne (1998)
  • http://www.unesco.org/culture/forum/html_eng/australia.shtml
  •  http://www.forumunescochair.upv.es/eng/catedra_unesco_upv/resoluciones/doc/1998melbourne_eng.pdf
  • International Network Forum UNESCO – University and Heritage.  http://whc.unesco.org/uploads/activities/documents/activity-45-2.pdf
  • Melbourne Declaration on Educational Goals for Young Australians.
    • http://www.acara.edu.au/reporting/national_report_on_schooling_2009/national_policy_context/educational_goals.html
    • December 2008.   http://www.curriculum.edu.au/verve/_resources/National_Declaration_on_the_Educational_Goals_for_Young_Australians.pdf
• The Évora Appeal  (1997) / The Evora Appeal (1997)
  • http://civvih.icomos.org/sites/default/files/Evora%20Appeal.doc
  • Presentation of the project “Palma, Responsible Tourism”.  http://palmavirtual.palmademallorca.es/portal/PALMA/turismo/RecursosWeb/DOCUMENTOS/1/3_7038_9.pdf
  • Marujo, Noémi, Jaime Manuel Serra, and Maria Do Rosário Borges. 2012.  “Visitors to the City of Évora: Who Are They?” European Journal of Tourism, Hospitality and Recreation 3 (2): 91–108. www.ejthr.com.
• Document of Pavia (1997)
  • The document of Pavia (1997)
    • http://cool.conservation-us.org/byorg/abbey/an/an22/an22-1/an22-102.html
    • http://www.encore-edu.org/Pavia.html
  • E.C.C.O. – European Confederation of Conservator-Restorers ‘ Organisations
    • http://www.ecco-eu.org/
    • http://www.iccrom.org/e-c-c-o-european-confederation-of-conservator-restorers-organisations/
    • Competences for access to the conservation – restoration profession (E.C.C.O.) (2nd Edition). http://www.ari-restauro.org/wp-content/uploads/2015/01/ECCO_Competences-2nd-Ed.pdf
    • Collaboration of ECCO and ENCoRE. http://www.ecco-eu.org/projects/ecco-encore-2.html
  • de Guichen, Gael. 1998.  “The Pavia Document: Towards a European Profile of the Conservator-Restorer.” Museum International 50 (3): 55–56. doi:10.1111/1468-0033.00164.
  • UNESCO. 1987.  “The Conservator-Restorer: A Definition of the Profession.” Museum International 39 (4): 231–33. doi:10.1111/j.1468-0033.1987.tb00699.x.
  • Barclay, R. J. 1993.  “The Conservator: Versatility and Flexibility.” Museum International 45 (4): 35–40. doi:10.1111/j.1468-0033.1993.tb01136.x.
  • Kissel, Elénore. 1999.  “The Restorer: Key Player in Preventive Conservation.” Museum International 51 (1): 33–39. doi:10.1111/1468-0033.00189.
• The Declaration of Québec (1997) / The Declaration of Quebec (1997)
  • http://www.unesco.org/culture/forum/html_eng/canada.shtml
  •  http://www.chaireunescoforum.upv.es/eng/catedra_unesco_upv/resoluciones/doc/1997quebec_eng.pdf
• The Declaration of Valencia (1996)
  • http://www.unesco.org/culture/forum/html_eng/spain.shtml
  • http://www.unesco.org/culture/forum/html_eng/doc.shtml
  • Forum UNESCO – University and Heritage (FUUH)
    • Forum UNESCO – University and Heritage (FUUH).
      • http://whc.unesco.org/en/activities/45/
      • https://www.culturalmanagement.ac.rs/en/news/article/forum-unesco-university-and-heritage-fuuh
      • http://www.forumunescochair.upv.es/eng/index.html
    • International Network Forum UNESCO – University and Heritage.  http://whc.unesco.org/uploads/activities/documents/activity-45-2.pdf
    • Launch of New Cycle of UNESCO-VOCATIONS PATRIMOINE Co-Sponsored Fellowships for World Heritage Site Managers. http://whc.unesco.org/en/news/300/
    • University World Heritage Studies Programmes
    • Thesis on World Heritage issues and/or World Heritage Sites
    • Logan, William S. 2014.  “World Heritage Education, Training, and Capacity Building.” In Encyclopedia of Global Archaeology, 7878–83. New York, NY: Springer New York. doi:10.1007/978-1-4419-0465-2_1926.
    • Gutierrez, Juan Jose Prieto. 2015.  “World Libraries, the Diplomatic Role of Cultural Agencies.” European Review 23 (03): 361–68. doi:10.1017/S1062798715000137.
  • Bell, Jonathan. 2000.  “Forum UNESCO – University and Heritage.” Museum International 52 (3): 45–48. doi:10.1111/1468-0033.00272.
  • Stanbury, Peter. 2000.  “University Museums and Collections.” Museum International 52 (2): 4–9. doi:10.1111/1468-0033.00251.
  • Dennis, Kelly.  “Landscape and the West: Irony and Critique in New Topographic Photography.” Cultural Landscapes in the 21st Century-Forum UNESCO University and Heritage. 2005.
  • Shepherd, Robert. 2006.  “UNESCO and the Politics of Cultural Heritage in Tibet.” Journal of Contemporary Asia 36 (2): 243–57. doi:10.1080/00472330680000141.
• Declaration of San Antonio (1996)
  • San Antonio Missions. http://whc.unesco.org/en/list/1466
  • Blake, Janet. 2000.  “On Defining the Cultural Heritage.” The International and Comparative Law Quarterly 49 (1): 61–85.
  • Jerome, Pamela. 2008.  “An Introduction to Authenticity in Preservation.” APT Bulletin: Journal of Preservation Technology 39 (2/3): 3–7. doi:10.2307/25433945.
  • Vecco, Marilena. 2010.  “A Definition of Cultural Heritage: From the Tangible to the Intangible.” Journal of Cultural Heritage 11 (3): 321–24. doi:10.1016/j.culher.2010.01.006.
  • Zhu, Guangya. 2012.  “China’s Architectural Heritage Conservation Movement.” Frontiers of Architectural Research 1 (1). Elsevier: 10–22. doi:10.1016/j.foar.2012.02.009.
  • Nezhad, Somayeh Fadaei, Parastoo Eshrati, and Dorna Eshrati. 2015.  “A Definition of Authenticity Concept in Conservation of Cultural Landscapes.” International Journal of Architectural Research: ArchNet-IJAR 9 (1): 93–107.
  • Nora Mitchell, Mechtild Rössler, Pierre-Marie Tricaud (Authors/Ed.) World Heritage Cultural Landscapes: A Handbook for Conservation and Management. http://whc.unesco.org/documents/publi_wh_papers_26_en.pdf
  • Stovel, H. 2008.  “Origins and Influence of the Nara Document on Authenticity.” APT Bulletin: Journal of Preservation Technology 39 (2): 9–17. doi:10.2307/25433946.
  • Shyllon, Folarin. 2015.  “Cultural Heritage and Intellectual Property.” In: A Companion to Heritage Studies, 55–68. Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons, Inc. doi:10.1002/9781118486634.ch4.
• Charter of New Urbanism
  • Charter of New Urbanism (1996)
    • English:  https://www.cnu.org/sites/default/files/charter_english.pdf
    • Chinese:  https://www.cnu.org/sites/default/files/charter_chinese.pdf
  • Canons of Sustainable Architecture and Urbanism
    • CANONS OF SUSTAINABLE ARCHITECTURE and URBANISM: A Companion to the Charter of the New Urbanism.
      • English:  https://www.cnu.org/sites/default/files/Canons_0.pdf
  • What’s New Urbanism? https://www.cnu.org/resources/what-new-urbanism
  • Talen, Emily. 2002.  “The Social Goals of New Urbanism.” Housing Policy Debate 13 (1): 165–88. doi:10.1080/10511482.2002.9521438.
  • Ohm, Brian W., and Robert J. Sitkowski. 2004.  “Integrating New Urbanism and Affordable Housing Tools.” The Urban Lawyer 36 (4): 857–66.
  • Wayt Gibbs, W. 1997. “Transportation’s Perennial Problems.” Scientific American 277 (4): 54–57. doi:10.1038/scientificamerican1097-54.
  • Musser, George. 2000. “Between Burb and Burg.” Scientific American 282 (3): 28–30. doi:10.1038/scientificamerican0300-28.
  • D.T. Chen, Donald. 2000. “The Science of Smart Growth.” Scientific American 283 (6): 84–91. doi:10.1038/scientificamerican1200-84.
  • Brook, Daniel. 2008. “Mis LEEDing?” Scientific American 18 (4): 54–59. doi:10.1038/scientificamericanearth0908-54.
  • Brown, Kathryn. 2007. “The Skinny on the Environment.” Scientific American Sp 17 (4): 30–37. doi:10.1038/scientificamerican1207-30sp.
  • Wade, Lizzie. 2014.  “Beyond the Temples.” Science 344 (6185): 684–86. doi:10.1126/science.344.6185.684.
• Charter for the Protection and Management of the Underwater Cultural Heritage
  •  http://www.international.icomos.org/charters/underwater_e.pdf
  • Legal principles for protecting the underwater cultural heritage. http://www.unesco.org/csi/pub/source/alex7.htm
  • International Committee on the Underwater Cultural Heritage. http://icuch.icomos.org/the-icomos-international-committee-on-the-underwater-cultural-heritage/
  • International Convention for the Protection of Underwater Cultural Heritage (2001)
    • About the Convention on the Protection of the Underwater Cultural Heritage. http://www.unesco.org/new/en/culture/themes/underwater-cultural-heritage/2001-convention/
    • http://www.unesco.org/new/fileadmin/MULTIMEDIA/HQ/CLT/UNDERWATER/pdf/Infokit_en_Final.pdf
    • Bederman, D., 1999.  The UNESCO Draft Convention on Underwater Cultural Heritage: A Critique and Counter-Proposal. Journal of Maritime Law and Commerce, 30 (2), 331–354.
    • Dromgoole, S., 2003.  2001 UNESCO Convention on the Protection of the Underwater Cultural Heritage. The International Journal of Marine and Coastal Law, 18 (1), 59–108.
    • Carducci, G., 2002.  New Developments in the Law of the Sea: The UNESCO Convention on the Protection of Underwater Cultural Heritage. The American Journal of International Law, 96 (2), 419–434.
  • ICOMOS, 1998.  International charter on the protection and management of underwater cultural heritage. The International Journal of Nautical Archaeology, 27 (3), 183–187.
  • Tong, M.E., 1952.  Destruction of our Cultural Heritage. Science, 116 (3018), 488–488.
  • Quimby, G.I., 1966.  Underwater Archeological Techniques. Science, 152 (3718), 58–58.
  • Adams, R.M., 1968.  Archeological Research Strategies: Past and Present. Science, 160 (3833), 1187–1192.
  • Auburn, F.M., 1974.  Convention for Preservation of Man’s Cultural Heritage in the Oceans. Science, 185 (4153), 763–764.
  • Clausen, C.J., Cohen, A.D., Emiliani, C., Holman, J.A., and Stipp, J.J., 1979.  Little Salt Spring, Florida: A Unique Underwater Site. Science, 203 (4381), 609–614.
  • Forrest, C., 2002.  A New International Regime for the Protection of Underwater Cultural Heritage. International and Comparative Law Quarterly, 51 (03), 511–554.
  • Flemming, N.C., 2004.  Underwater cultural heritage. Current Science, 86 (9), 1189–1190.
  • Curry, A., 2006.  Stone Age World Beneath the Baltic Sea. Science, 314 (5805), 1533–1535.
  • Lawler, A., 2009. Archaeologists Raise The Old With the New. Science, 325 (5943), 936–940.
  • Mervis, J., 2011.  Wayne Clough Wants Smithsonian Science to Escape Its Shadow. Science, 333 (6043), 694–695.
  • Warns, R., In, N., and Change, C., 2011.  Around the World. Science, 334 (6063), 1610–1611.
  • Lawler, A., 2012.  Dams Along Sudanese Nile Threaten Ancient Sites. Science, 336 (6084), 967–968.
  • Hertzfeld, H.R. and Pace, S.N., 2013.  International Cooperation on Human Lunar Heritage. Science, 342 (6162), 1049–1050.
  • Jiao, L., 2010.  Unprecedented Excavation Brings Maritime Silk Road to Life. Science, 328 (5977), 424–425.
  • Pringle, H., 2013.  Troubled Waters for Ancient Shipwrecks. Science, 340 (6134), 802–807.
  •  A Look Ahead for 2014, 2014. Science, 343 (6166), 10–11.
  • Hvistendahl, M., 2014.  Maritime Ambitions. Science, 344 (6184), 572–575.
  • Lawler, A., 2014.   Sailing Sinbad’s seas. Science, 344 (6191), 1440–1445.
  • Bawaya, M., 2015.  Salvaging science. Science, 347 (6218), 117–119.
• World Charter for Sustainable Tourism
  • Charter for Sustainable Tourism (1995)
    • http://sustainabletourismcharter2015.com/sustainable-tourism-pdf/
    •  http://sustainabletourismcharter2015.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/06/CharterForSustainableTourism.pdf
    • http://www.gdrc.org/uem/eco-tour/charter.html
    • https://notendur.hi.is//~stefanva/Skrar/The%20Charter%20for%20Sustainable%20Tourism.doc
    • http://www.e-unwto.org/doi/pdf/10.18111/unwtodeclarations.1995.21.13.1
    • Hampton, M., 1995.  World Conference on Sustainable Tourism. Development in Practice, 5 (4), 365–367.
  • The 2015 World Charter for Sustainable Tourism +20.
    • http://sustainabletourismcharter2015.com/
    •  http://sustainabletourismcharter2015.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/12/World-Charter-for-Sustainable-Tourism.pdf
    • Eduardo Fayos‐Solà, Cipriano Marín and Heredina Fernández-Betancort. Rethinking sustainable tourism: Looking ahead in a shifting world. On the 20th Anniversary of  The Lanzarote 1995 Charter for Sustainable Tourism.
      •  http://www.pasosonline.org/CALLSustain_042015.pdf
      •  http://www.pasosonline.org/Publicados/13615/PASOS45.pdf
  • Sustainable Tourism Development in UNESCO Designated Sites in South-Eastern Europe.  http://portal.unesco.org/en/files/45338/12417872579Introduction_Sustainable_Tourism.pdf/Introduction_Sustainable_Tourism.pdf
  • Harold A. Linstone, Murray Turoff. The Delphi Method Techniques and Applications.  ebook-The Delphi Method Techniques and Applications
  • Cater, E., 1994.  Tools for Sustainable Tourism. The Geographical Journal, 160 (1), 114–115.
  • Buckley, R., 1994.  A framework for ecotourism. Annals of Tourism Research, 21 (3), 661–665.
  • Hunter, C., 1997.  Sustainable tourism as an adaptive paradigm. Annals of Tourism Research, 24 (4), 850–867.
  • Chichilnisky, G. and Heal, G., 1998.  Economic returns from the biosphere. Nature, 391, 629–630.
  • Vertebrate, T., 2003.  Gangbusters. Science, 302 (5648), 1147a–1147.
  • Lansing, P. and Vries, P. De, 2007.  Sustainable Tourism: Ethical Alternative or Marketing Ploy? Journal of Business Ethics, 72 (1), 77–85.
  • Peng, C., Ouyang, H., Gao, Q., Jiang, Y., Zhang, F., Li, J., and Yu, Q., 2007.  Building a ‘Green’ Railway in China. Science, 316 (5824), 546–547.
  • Qiu, J., 2007.  Environment: Riding on the roof of the world. Nature, 449 (7161), 398–402.
  • Zeng, N., Ding, Y., Pan, J., Wang, H., and Gregg, J., 2008.  Climate Change–the Chinese Challenge. Science, 319 (5864), 730–731.
  • Cornfield, J., 2008.  Voluntourism Rocks. Scientific American, 18 (4), 82–85.
  • Gilbert, N., 2010.  Can conservation cut poverty? Nature, 467 (7313), 264–265.
  • Donohoe, H.M., 2011.  Defining culturally sensitive ecotourism: a Delphi consensus. Current Issues in Tourism, 14 (1), 27–45.
  • Mascarelli, A., 2013.  Sustainability: Environmental puzzle solvers. Nature, 494 (7438), 507–509.
  • Buckley, R., 2014.  Protecting Lemurs: Ecotourism. Science, 344 (6182), 358–358.
  • Bawaya, M., 2015.  Salvaging science. Science, 347 (6218), 117–119.
  • Bramwell, B., 2015.   Theoretical activity in sustainable tourism research. Annals of Tourism Research, 54, 204–218.
  • McKinnon, M.C., Cheng, S.H., Garside, R., Masuda, Y.J., and Miller, D.C., 2015.  Sustainability: Map the evidence. Nature, 528 (7581), 185–187.
  • Samia, D.S.M., Nakagawa, S., Nomura, F., Rangel, T.F., and Blumstein, D.T., 2015.  Increased tolerance to humans among disturbed wildlife. Nature Communications, 6 (8877), 1–8.
• Bergen Protocol on Communications and Relations among Cities of the Organization of World Heritage Cities (1995)
  •  http://icomosubih.ba/pdf/suradnja/Bergen_Protocol.pdf
  • Relations with non-governmental organizations foundations and similar institutions. http://unesdoc.unesco.org/images/0012/001223/122345E.pdf
• The Nara Document on Authenticity (1994)
  •  http://www.international.icomos.org/charters/nara-e.pdf
  • Do We Really Want Authenticity? https://vincemichael.wordpress.com/tag/nara/
  • Nara Document on Authenticity – UNESCO: World Heritage. http://whc.unesco.org/archive/nara94.htm
  • Nara+20: on heritage practices, cultural values, and the concept of authenticity.  http://www.japan-icomos.org/pdf/nara20_final_eng.pdf
  • Bronson, S.D., 2001.  Authenticity Considerations for Curtain-Wall Buildings: Seminar Summary. APT Bulletin, 32 (1), 5–8.
  • Jokilehto J. 2006,  Considerations on authenticity and integrity in world heritage context. City & Time 2 (1): 1. http://www.ct.ceci-br.org.
  • Jokilehto, J., 2006.  Preservation Theory Unfolding. Future Anterior: Journal of Historic Preservation, History, Theory, and Criticism, 3 (1), 1–9.
  • Jerome, P., 2008.  An Introduction to Authenticity in Preservation. APT Bulletin: Journal of Preservation Technology, 39 (2/3), 3–7.
  • Stovel, H., 2008.  Origins and Influence of the Nara Document on Authenticity. APT Bulletin: Journal of Preservation Technology, 39 (2), 9–17.
  • Van Balen, K., 2008.  The Nara Grid: an evaluation scheme based on the Nara Document on Authenticity. APT Bulletin: Journal of Preservation Technology, 39 (2-3), 39–45.
  • Araoz, G.F., 2008.  World-Heritage Historic Urban Landscapes: Defining and Protecting Authenticity. APT Bulletin: Journal of Preservation Technology, 39 (2), 33–37.
  • Cameron, C., 2008.  From Warsaw to Mostar: The World Heritage Committee and Authenticity. APT Bulletin: Journal of Preservation Technology, 39 (2), 19–24.
  • Andrews, T.D. and Buggey, S., 2008.  Authenticity in Aboriginal Cultural Landscapes. APT Bulletin: Journal of Preservation Technology, 39 (2), 63–71.
  • Mitchell, N.J., 2008.  Considering the authenticity of cultural landscapes. APT Bulletin: Journal of Preservation Technology, 39 (2-3), 25–31.
  • Van Uytsel, S. and Jurčys, P., 2012. ‘Heritage and Societies: Toward the 20th Anniversary of the Nara Document and Beyond’ – Conference Report. Journal of Japanese Law, 34, 309–316.
• The Venice Charter: International Charter for the Conservation and Restoration of Monuments and Sites
  • The Venice Charter (1964)
    • English:  http://www.international.icomos.org/charters/venice_e.pdf
    • English-Japanese:  http://www.japan-icomos.org/charters/venice.pdf
  • The Venice Charter (1964-2004) 40^th Anniversary. http://www.icomos.org/venicecharter2004/
  • Matthew Hardy. 2008. The Venice Charter Revisited: Modernism, Conservation and Tradition in the 21st Century. Cambridge Scholars Publishing.
  • Conservation and Restoration: What’s the Difference? http://venice.umwblogs.org/exhibit/the-conservation-of-venetian-building-materials/conservation-and-restoration-whats-the-difference/
  • Roman, Andras (2002)  Reconstruction – from the Venice Charter to the Charter of Cracow 2000. In: Estrategias relativas al patrimonio cultural mundial. La salvaguarda en un mundo globalizado. Principios, practicas y perspectivas. 13th ICOMOS General Assembly and Scientific Symposium. Actas. Comité Nacional Español del ICOMOS, Madrid, pp. 117-119.
  • It’s time to consign the Venice Charter to history. http://www.ft.com/cms/s/0/da1108a2-0ac8-11e5-a8e8-00144feabdc0.html#axzz3xRyKjid0
  • The Venice Charter Revisited Conference. 2-5 November 2006, Venice, Italy. http://www.intbau.org/archive/venicecharter.htm
  • Matthew Hardy. The Venice Charter Revisited: Modernism and Conservation in the Postwar World (new Edition). Cambridge Scholars Publishing; new edition (January 11, 2009).
  • Jokilehto, J., 1998.  International trends in historic preservation: From ancient monuments to living cultures. APT Bulletin: Journal of Preservation Technology, 29 (3/4), 17–19.
  • Jokilehto, J., 1998b.  The context of the Venice Charter (1964). Conservation and Management of Archaeological Sites, 2 (4), 229–233.
• Resolution on Information as an Instrument for Protection against War Damages to the Cultural Heritage (1994)
  •  http://www.international.icomos.org/publications/war_damage_1994/stockholm1994.pdf
  • http://www.iicc.org.cn/Info.aspx?ModelId=1&Id=423
  • Cultural heritage in crisis and post-crisis situations.  http://assembly.coe.int/nw/xml/XRef/X2H-Xref-ViewPDF.asp?FileID=21634&lang=en
  • ICCROM. Protecting Cultural Heritage in Times of Conflict. http://www.iccrom.org/ifrcdn/pdf/ICCROM_18_ProtectingHeritageConflict_en.pdf
  • 2015. Joint Motion for a Resolution (2014-2019). http://www.europarl.europa.eu/sides/getDoc.do?pubRef=-//EP//NONSGML+MOTION+P8-RC-2015-0375+0+DOC+PDF+V0//EN
  • Stefano Manacorda. 2011. Criminal Law Protection of Cultural Heritage: An International Perspective.  http://www.springer.com/cda/content/document/cda_downloaddocument/9781441979452-c1.pdf
  • Adams, R.M., 2001.  Iraq’s Cultural Heritage: Collateral Damage. Science, 293 (5527), 13–13.
  • Gibson, M., 2003.  Fate of Iraqi Archaeology. Science, 299 (5614), 1848–1849.
  • O’Keefe, R., 2004.  World Cultural Heritage: Obligations To The International Community As A Whole? International and Comparative Law Quarterly, 53 (01), 189–209.
  • Lawler, A., 2014.  Satellites track heritage loss across Syria and Iraq. Science, 346 (6214), 1162–1163.
  • di Lernia, S., 2015.  Cultural heritage: Save Libyan archaeology. Nature, 517 (7536), 547–549.
  • Lane, E., 2015.  Scientists work to save antiquities from Islamic State destruction. Science, 350 (6267), 1485–1486.
  • Culotta, E., 2015.  Breakdown of the year: Assault on the past. Science, 350 (6267), 1464–1465.
  • Jessica Maves Braithwaite. War on Culture: The Destruction of Cultural Property During Civil Wars. University of Arizona Honors College. http://arizona.openrepository.com/arizona/bitstream/10150/579303/1/azu_etd_mr_2015_0208_sip1_m.pdf
• Hague Convention for the Protection of Cultural Property in the Event of Armed Conflict (1954). http://orcp.hustoj.com/2015/10/11/hague_convention1954/
• UN General Assembly Resolution on the Return or Restitution of Cultural Property to the Countries of Origin
  • 1993:
    • Return or restitution of cultural property to the countries of origin. http://www.un.org/documents/ga/res/48/a48r015.htm
    •  http://www.unesco.org/culture/laws/pdf/UNGA_resolution4815.pdf
  • 1995: Return or restitution of cultural property to the countries of origin. http://www.un.org/documents/ga/docs/50/plenary/a50-498.htm
  • 1996: Return or restitution of cultural property to the countries of origin. http://www.un.org/documents/ga/res/50/ares50-56.htm
  • Resolutions adopted by the United Nations General Assembly about Return and Restitution of Cultural Property. http://portal.unesco.org/culture/en/ev.php-URL_ID=37062&URL_DO=DO_TOPIC&URL_SECTION=201.html
  • Nafziger, J.A.R., 1983.  New International Legal Framework for the Return, Restitution or Forfeiture of Cultural Property. New York University Journal of International Law and Politics, 15 (4), 789–812.
  • Merryman, J.H., 1988.  The Retention of Cultural Property. U.C. Davis Law Review, 21 (3), 477–514.
  • Gerstenblith, P., 2000. Public Interest in the Restitution of Cultural Objects. Connecticut Journal of International Law, 16 (2), 197–246.
  • Cornu, M. and Renold, M.-A., 2010.  New Developments in the Restitution of Cultural Property: Alternative Means of Dispute Resolution. International Journal of Cultural Property, 17 (01), 1–31.
  • Roehrenbeck, C.A., 2010.  Repatriation of Cultural Property–Who Owns the Past? An Introduction to Approaches and to Selected Statutory Instruments. International Journal of Legal Information, 38 (2), 185–200.
• The Fez Charter (1993)
  • http://www.ovpm.org/en/key_documents
  • Organization of World Heritage Cities for Asia Pacific. http://www.owhcap.org/
  • What is OWHC? http://ehhf.eu/sites/default/files/201407/Organization%20of%20World%20Heritage%20Cities.pdf
  • Amina El Bouaaichi. 2011, Urban heritage in action in the historic city of Fez: guest houses rehabilitation models. http://www.arcc-journal.org/index.php/repository/article/viewFile/349/285
  • Birabi, A.K., 2007. International urban conservation charters: catalytic or passive tools of urban conservation practices among developing countries? City & Time, 3 (2), 39–53.
  • Mathisen, B., 2012.  East Africa World Heritage Network and stakeholder priorities. International Journal of Heritage Studies, 18 (3), 332–338.
  • Minaidis, L., 2014. Organization of World Heritage Cities (OWHC). In: Encyclopedia of Global Archaeology. New York, NY: Springer New York, 5611–5614.
• New Orleans Charter for the Joint Preservation of Historic Structures and Artifacts (1992)
  • http://cool.conservation-us.org/bytopic/ethics/neworlea.html
  • http://www.conservation-us.org/docs/default-source/governance/new-orleans-charter-for-joint-preservation-of-historic-structures-and-artifacts-(1992).pdf
  • https://www.uvm.edu/histpres/307/neworleanscharter.html
• Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD) of 1992
  • https://www.cbd.int/doc/legal/cbd-en.pdf
  • 2015: Message of the executive secretary of the Convention on Biological Diversity. https://www.cbd.int/doc/speech/2015/sp-2015-05-08-wmbd-en.pdf
  • https://www.cbd.int/convention/
  • Text of the CBD
    • English: https://www.cbd.int/doc/legal/cbd-en.pdf
    • Chinese: https://www.cbd.int/doc/legal/cbd-zh.pdf
  • Laurence Boisson de Chazournes. http://legal.un.org/avl/ha/cpbcbd/cpbcbd.html
    • English: http://legal.un.org/avl/pdf/ha/cpbcbd/cpbcbd_e.pdf
    • Chinese: http://legal.un.org/avl/pdf/ha/cpbcbd/cpbcbd_c.pdf
  • A brief introduction to the The Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD). http://www.iisd.ca/biodiv/cbdintro.html
  • The Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD). http://jncc.defra.gov.uk/page-1365
  • Redford, K.H. and Dinerstein, E., 1994. Biological Diversity and Agriculture. Science, 265 (5171), 457–458.
  • Kate, K. t., 2002. Science and the Convention on Biological Diversity. Science, 295 (5564), 2371–2372.
  • Balmford, A., 2005.  The Convention on Biological Diversity’s 2010 Target. Science, 307 (5707), 212–213.
  • Hoffmann, M., et al., 2010. The Impact of Conservation on the Status of the World ’s Vertebrates. Science, 330 (6010), 1503–1509.
  • Naeem, S., Duffy, J.E., and Zavaleta, E., 2012. The Functions of Biological Diversity in an Age of Extinction. Science, 336 (6087), 1401–1406.
  • Joppa, L.N., Visconti, P., Jenkins, C.N., and Pimm, S.L., 2013. Achieving the Convention on Biological Diversity’s Goals for Plant Conservation. Science, 341 (6150), 1100–1103.
  • Fox, J.L., 1999. Delegates face many challenges negotiating Biosafety Protocol. Nature Biotechnology, 17 (2), 123–123.
  • Macilwain, C., 2000. Diversity convention in the balance. Nature, 403 (6767), 233.
  • Gewin, V., 2002.  Ecosystem health: The state of the planet. Nature, 417 (6885), 112–113.
  • Knapp, S., 2003.  Dynamic diversity. Nature, 422, 475.
  • Loreau, M., Oteng-Yeboah, A., Arroyo, M.T.K., Babin, D., Barbault, R., Donoghue, M., Gadgil, M., Häuser, C., Heip, C., Larigauderie,  a, Ma, K., Mace, G., Mooney, H. a, Perrings, C., Raven, P., Sarukhan, J., Schei, P., Scholes, R.J., and Watson, R.T., 2006.  Diversity without representation. Nature, 442 (7100), 245–246.
  • Strauss, S.H., Tan, H., Boerjan, W., and Sedjo, R., 2009. Strangled at birth? Forest biotech and the Convention on Biological Diversity. Nature biotechnology, 27 (6), 519–527.
  • Macilwain, C., 2010.  World view: Disaster, unmitigated. Nature, 465 (7296), 287–287.
  • Tollefson, J. and Gilbert, N., 2012.  Earth summit: Rio report card. Nature, 486 (7401), 20–23.
  • Polasky, S., 2012.  Economics: Conservation in the red. Nature, 492 (7428), 193–194.
  • Ellison, A.M., 2014.  Political borders should not hamper wildlife. Nature, 508 (7494), 9.
• Charter of Courmayeur (1992)
  • http://www.unesco.org/new/fileadmin/MULTIMEDIA/HQ/CLT/pdf/Charter_Courmayeur_en.pdf
• Charter for the Conservation of Places of Cultural Heritage Value (1992)
  • 1992: http://www.gdrc.org/heritage/icomos-nz.html
  • 2010 revision: http://www.icomos.org.nz/docs/NZ_Charter.pdf
  • http://www.icomos.org.nz/nzcharters.htm
• A Preservation Charter for the Historic Towns and Areas of the United States of America (1992)
  •  http://orcp.hustoj.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/01/1992-A-Preservation-Charter-for-the-Historic-Towns-and-Areas-of-the-United-States-of-America.pdf
  • http://www.usicomos.org/symp/archive/1992/docs/4943
  • http://conservacion.inah.gob.mx/normativa/wp-content/uploads/Documento146.pdf
  • English-Japanese: http://www.japan-icomos.org/charters/usicomos.pdf
  • Diane Barthel, 1989. Historic Preservation: A Comparative Analyses. Sociological Forum, 4 (1), 87–105.
  • Listokin, D., Listokin, B., and Lahr, M., 1998. The contributions of historic preservation to housing and economic development. Housing Policy Debate, 9 (3), 431–478.
• The Québec City Declaration (1991)
  • http://www.international.icomos.org/publications/93towns7v.pdf
  • Organization of World Heritage Cities.
    • http://www.ovpm.org/en/key_documents
    • http://www.ovpm.org/index.php?module=pagesetter&func=viewpub&tid=1&pid=40
    • Minaidis, L., 2014. Organization of World Heritage Cities (OWHC). In: Encyclopedia of Global Archaeology. New York, NY: Springer New York, 5611–5614.
  • Bergen Protocol  on communications and relations among cities of  the Organization of World Heritage Cities. http://icomosubih.ba/pdf/suradnja/Bergen_Protocol.pdf
  • Jokilehto J. 2006, World Heritage: Defining the outstanding universal value. City & Time 2 (2): 1. http://www.ct.ceci-br.org
• International Scientific Committee on Historic Towns
  • ISC Historic Towns. http://www.icomos.org/en/what-we-do/disseminating-knowledge/publicationall/116-english-categories/resources/publications/299-isc-historic-towns
  • ICOMOS International Committee on Historic Towns 
  • 1. Statutes of the Committee on Historic Towns 
  • 2. List of Members of CIVVIH 
  • 3. The Headquarters of CIVVIH  (Andrea Gadoczi)
  • 4. The International Charter of Historic Towns 
  • 5. List of World Heritage Towns and Villages 
  • 6. Resolutions, Recommendations, Declarations on the Rehabilitation of Historic Towns 1 -22 
    • – UNESCO- Recommendation concerning the Safeguarding of the Beauty and Character of Landscapes and Sites. Paris, 11 December 1962 
    • – ICOMOS- Resolutions on the Regeneration of Historic Urban Sites. Levoca, 20-26 June 1966 
    • – ICOMOS- First Conference on the Protection and Revivification of Centres of Historic or Artistic Interest. Cáceres, 15-19 March 1967 
    • – ICOMOS- Recommendations of the Executive Committee Concerning Special Problems relating to the Reclamation, Restoration and Development of the Potencialities of the North-African and Asian Cities of the Mediterranean Basin. Tunis, 9-16 June 1968 
    • – ICOMOS- Resolutions of the Symposium on the Introduction of Contemporary Architecture into Ancient Groups of Buildings. Budapest, 25-30 June 1972 
    • – ICOMOS- Resolution adopted by the Sandefjord Symposium the Wooden Town in Scandinavian Countries. Sandefjord, 22-24 September 1972 
    • – UNESCO- Recommendation Concerning the Protection, at National Level, of the Cultural and Natural Heritage. Paris, 16 November 1972
    • – ICMOS- Resolutions of the Symposium devoted to the Study of “The Streetscape in Historic Towns”. Lausanne, 17-22 June 1973 
    • – ICOMOS- 1° Conferenza Mondiale del Traffico. Bologna, 10-12 June 1973 
    • – ICOMOS- UIA Seminar on the Integration of Modern Architecture in Old Surroundings. Kazimierz Dolny, 16-19 October 1974 
    • – ICOMOS- The Resolution of Bruges: Principles Governing the Rehabilitation of Historic Towns. Bruges, 12-15 May 1975 
    • – ICOMOS- Resolutions of the International Symposium on the Conservation of Smaller Historic Towns. Rothenburg/ Tauber, 29-30 May 1975 
    • – Europa Nostra- Charte Europeenne du Patrimoine Architectural. Amsterdam, 1975 
    • – ICOMOS- UNESCO- Recommendation adopted at the International Symposium- A New Life for Historic Towns. Prague- Bratislava, 30 September- 5 October 1976 
    • – UNESCO- Recommendation Concerning the Safeguarding and Contemporary Role of Historic Areas. Nairobi, 26 October- 30 November 1976
    • – ICOMOS- Resolution “Secteurs Sauvegardés Ruraux”. Szombathely, 23-29 Juin 1977 
    • – ICOMOS- Colloque sur les “Ensembles Historique Traditionnels”. Cracovie, 15-18 October 1980 
      – Internazionale Städteforum Memorandum of Graz- To avoid Suffocating of Our Cities in Traffic Graz, 7-10 June 1990 
    • – ICOMOS- COMPTE Rendu du Colloque International “Methodes Scientifiques pour Sauvegarder la Memoire d’une Ville: problemes de la Formation”. Sofia, 28 Sept.- 1 Oct. 1990 
    • – ICOMOS- Declaración de la Ciudad de México; 25 Años de Conservación del Patrimonio: Balance y Perspectivas. Ciudad de México, 7-10 Novembre 1990 
    • – Network of World Heritage Towns- the Quebec City Declaration- Preservation of the Urban Heritage. Quebec, 30 June- 4 July 1991 
    • – Conseil de l’Europe Declaration; 7e Symposium des Villes Historiques. Istambul, 16-18 September 1992 
  • 7. Collection of Data of CIVVIH Meetings  (prepared by Tamas Fejérdy)
•  CIVVIH
  • CIVVIH historical background. CIVVIH HISTORICAL BACKGROUND.pdf
  • Annual Reports of CIVVIH. http://civvih.icomos.org/?q=node/65
  • Charters and Declarations. http://civvih.icomos.org/?q=node/6
• ICOMOS. International Charters for Conservation and Restoration. http://www.icomos.org/charters/charters.pdf
• Law of the People’s Republic of China on Protection of Cultural Relics
  • 1982 version:
    • http://www.china.org.cn/english/environment/34304.htm
  • 2002 Amendment:
    • http://orcp.hustoj.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/01/Law-of-the-People’s-Republic-of-China-on-Protection-of-Culture-Relics-2002-10-28.pdf
    •  https://digital.law.washington.edu/dspace-law/bitstream/handle/1773.1/533/18PacRimLPolyJ405.pdf?sequence=1
  • 2007 Amendment:
    • http://www.unesco.org/culture/natlaws/media/pdf/china/china_lawprotectionclt_entof
    •  https://www.unodc.org/res/cld/document/chn/1982/law-of-the-peoples-republic-of-china-on-protection-of-cultural-relics-chinese_html/Chinese.pdf
    • http://www.giurisprudenza.unimib.it/DATA/insegnamenti/8_896/materiale/losier%20class%205%201.pdf
  • 2013 Amendment:
    •  http://orcp.hustoj.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/01/Cultural-Relics-Protection-Law-of-the-People’s-Republic-of-China-2013-Amendment.pdf
  • Regulations for the Implementation of the Copyright Law of the People’s Republic of China (2002)
    • http://portal.unesco.org/culture/en/files/30385/11424212483cn_regulation_implementation_2002_en.pdf/cn_regulation_implementation_2002_en.pdf
  • Cohen, J.A., 1982. The Criminal Law of the People’s Republic of China. The Journal of Criminal Law and Criminology (1973-), 73 (1), 138–170.
  • Newell, P., 2008. The PRC’s Law for the Protection of Cultural Relics. Art, Antiquity and Law, 13 (1), 1–58.
  • Zhu, G., 2012. China’s architectural heritage conservation movement. Frontiers of Architectural Research, 1 (1), 10–22.
  • Gruber, S., 2014. Perspectives on the Investigation, Prosecution and Prevention of Art Crime in Asia. In: S. Hufnagel and D. Chappell, eds. Contemporary Perspectives on the Detection, Investigation and Prosecution of Art Crime: Australasian, European and North American Perspectives. Surrey: Ashgate Publishing Group, 221–235. http://ssrn.com/abstract=2515178
  • Huo, Z., 2015. Legal protection of cultural heritage in China: A challenge to keep history alive. International Journal of Cultural Policy, 1–19.  http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/10286632.2015.1015534
• Principles for the Conservation of Heritage Sites in China
  • Publication by the Getty Conservation Institute (2004)
    • http://orcp.hustoj.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/01/Principles-for-the-Conservation-of-Heritage-Sites-in-China2002.pdf
  • Publication by the Getty Conservation Institute (2015)
    • http://orcp.hustoj.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/01/Principles-for-the-Conservation-of-Heritage-Sites-in-China-Revised-2015.pdf
    • http://www.getty.edu/conservation/publications_resources/pdf_publications/china_principles_revised_2015.html
• Law of the People’s Republic of China on Protection of Cultural Relics
  • Chang, K., 1962. New Evidence on Fossil Man in China. Science, 136 (3518), 749–760.
  • Stone, M., Couzin, J., and Hui, L., 1998. Smuggled Chinese Fossils on Exhibit. Science, 281 (5375), 315–317.
  • Normile, D., 2001. Internal Fights, Looting Hinder Work in the Field. Science, 291 (5502), 239+241.
  • Ding, Y. and Lei, X., 2002. China Issues Rules on Fossil Excavation. Science, 297 (5589), 1981–1981.
  • Du, L., 2004. Scientists Warn of Threats to Fossil-Rich Chinese Site. Science, 305 (5681), 172–173.
  • Stone, R., 2008. Chinese Province Crafts Pioneering Law to Thwart Biopiracy. Science, 320 (5877), 732–733.
  • Lawler, A., 2009. Archaeologists Raise The Old With the New. Science, 325 (5943), 936–940.
  • Hvistendahl, M., 2014. Maritime Ambitions. Science, 344 (6184), 572–575.
  • Eck, D.W., Gerstenblith, P., and Phelan, M., 2001. International Cultural Property. The International Lawyer, 36 (2), 607–618.
  • Moss, W.W., 1991.  The Archives Law of the People’s Republic of China: A Summary and Commentary. The American Archivist, 54 (2), 216–219.
  • Liston, J.J. and You, H.-L., 2015. Chinese fossil protection law and the illegal export of vertebrate fossils from china. Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology, 35 (2), e904791.
• ICOMOS 15^th General Assembly and Scientific Symposium (Xi’an, China, 17-21 October, 2005). http://www.icomos.org/xian2005/
• Red List of Chinese Cultural Objects at Risk. http://icom.museum/uploads/tx_hpoindexbdd/RedListofChineseCulturalObjectsatRisk-English.pdf
• Sir, how much is that ming vase in the window? Protecting Cultural Relics in the People’s Republic of China.  http://blog.hawaii.edu/aplpj/files/2011/11/APLPJ_05.1_dutra.pdf
• Deschambault Charter for the Preservation of Quebec’s Heritage (1982)
  • http://www.international.icomos.org/en/charters-and-texts/179-articles-en-francais/ressources/charters-and-standards/192-the-deschambault-charter
  •  http://ocpm.qc.ca/sites/import.ocpm.aegirvps.net/files/pdf/PD04/3mEN.pdf
  • Principles for the Governance of the Heritage Conservation Sector in Canada:  Lessons from International Experience.  http://www.historicplaces.ca/media/10833/governanceforheritage.pdf
• Declaration of Dresden (1982)
  • Reconstruction in the World Heritage Context.  https://engagingconservationyork.files.wordpress.com/2014/02/reconstruction-in-wh-context-rev.pdf
• Conservation and sustainability in Historic Cities.  http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/9780470759547.biblio/pdf
• The Florence Charter: Historic Gardens (1981)
  •  http://www.international.icomos.org/charters/gardens_e.pdf
  • http://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/article/historic-gardens/
  • O’Donnell, P.M., 2014.  Florence Charter on Historic Gardens (1982). In: Encyclopedia of Global Archaeology. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2812–2817.
  • Carneiro, A. R. S., Menezes, J. F., & Mesquita, L. (2005).  The conservation of historical gardens in a multidisciplinary context: the” Cactário da Madalena”, Recife, Brazil. City & Time, 1(2).
• Recommendation for the Safeguarding and Preservation of Moving Images (1980)
  •  http://unesdoc.unesco.org/images/0011/001140/114029e.pdf
  • Walsh, J. (1974).  Soviet-American Copyright Deals-Better Where Barter Is Possible. Science, 186(4166), 805–807. doi:10.1126/science.186.4166.805
  •  Universal Copyright Convention. (1953). Nature, 171, 956.
• World Day for Audiovisual Heritage
  • http://www.un.org/en/events/audiovisualday/background.shtml
  •  http://www.girona.cat/web/sgdap/docs/declaracio_arxius_audiovisuals-2015-DEF_ENG.pdf
  • UNESCO instrument for the safeguarding and preservation of the audiovisual heritage. http://www.ccaaa.org/docs/ccaaa_heritage.pdf
  • http://www.memnon.be/Ourcollectivememory/Ourcollectivememory/tabid/119/language/en-US/Default.aspx
• The Universal Copyright Convention (1952). http://orcp.hustoj.com/2015/10/10/the-ucc-1952/
• The Universal Copyright Convention of 1971 (1971). http://orcp.hustoj.com/2015/11/13/copyright-1971/
• Recommendation for the Protection of Movable Cultural Property (1978).
  • http://orcp.hustoj.com/2015/12/30/recommendation-1978/
  •  http://unesdoc.unesco.org/images/0011/001140/114032e.pdf#page=176
  •  http://orcp.hustoj.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/12/1978-Recommendation-for-the-Protection-of-Movable-Cultural-Property-1978.pdf
  •  http://unesdoc.unesco.org/images/0006/000603/060309eo.pdf
  • http://portal.unesco.org/en/ev.php-URL_ID=13137&URL_DO=DO_TOPIC&URL_SECTION=201.html
    • English:  http://unesdoc.unesco.org/images/0011/001140/114032e.pdf#page=176
    • Chinese: http://unesdoc.unesco.org/images/0011/001140/114032cb.pdf#page=1
• Recommendation for the Protection of Movable Cultural Property (1978).
  • Nelson, N.C., 1937.  Prehistoric Archeology, Past, Present and Future. Science, 85 (2195), 81–89.
  • Lomax, A. and Berkowitz, N., 1972.  The Evolutionary Taxonomy of Culture. Science, 177 (4045), 228–239.
  • Graham, G.M., 1987. Protection and Reversion of Cultural Property: Issues of Definition and Justification. The International Lawyer, 21 (3), 755–793.
• The SPAB Manifesto (1877). http://orcp.hustoj.com/2015/10/08/the-spab-manifesto/
• Hague Convention for the Protection of Cultural Property in the Event of Armed Conflict (1954). http://orcp.hustoj.com/2015/10/11/hague_convention1954/
• Recommendation on the Means of Prohibiting and Preventing the Illicit Import, Export and Transfer of Ownership of Cultural Property (1964).  http://orcp.hustoj.com/2015/10/24/illicit-import-1964/
• Convention on the Means of Prohibiting and Preventing the Illicit Import, Export and Transfer of Ownership of Cultural Property (1970). http://orcp.hustoj.com/2015/11/03/means-1970-2/
• The Charter of Machu Picchu (1977).
  • http://orcp.hustoj.com/2015/12/30/charter-of-machu-picchu-1977/
  •  http://orcp.hustoj.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/12/1977-The-Charter-of-Machu-Picchu.pdf
  • Le Corbusier,  Principios De Urbanismo, Barcelona: Ariel, 1975 (Titulo del original Frances: LA Charte D’Athenes, Collection Forces Vives—Editions de Minuit).
  •  The Charter of Machu Picchu, 1979. Journal of Architectural Research, 7 (2), 5–9.
  • Seidel, A., Gibson, J., Preiser, W.F.E., and Pellish, D.M., 1979.  Four Commentaries on the Charter. Journal of Architectural Research, 7 (2), 10–12.
  • Built Heritage and Sustainable Tourism.  http://cdn.intechopen.com/pdfs/29226/InTech-Built_heritage_and_sustainable_tourism_conceptual_economic_and_social_variables.pdf
• Charter of Athens (1933). http://orcp.hustoj.com/2015/10/10/charter-of-athens-1933/.
• Recommendation Concerning the Safeguarding and Contemporary Role of Historic Areas (1976).
  • http://portal.unesco.org/en/ev.php-URL_ID=13133&URL_DO=DO_TOPIC&URL_SECTION=201.html
  • http://orcp.hustoj.com/2015/12/29/recommendation-1976/
  •  http://www.icomos.org/publications/93towns7o.pdf
  • English:  http://unesdoc.unesco.org/images/0011/001140/114038e.pdf#page=136
  • Chinese:  http://unesdoc.unesco.org/images/0011/001140/114038cb.pdf#page=1
• The Conservation of old cities as part of the cultural heritage, seen within the context of modern urbanization
• Cultural Tourism (1976). http://orcp.hustoj.com/2015/12/29/cultural-tourism-1976/
• The Role of the ICOMOS in Cultural Tourism at World Heritage Sites.  http://www.icomos.org/publications/93sy_tou10.pdf
• ICOMOS International Cultural Tourism Charter (Managing Tourism at Places of Heritage Significance, 1999).
  •  http://www.icomos.org/charters/tourism_e.pdf
  •  http://orcp.hustoj.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/12/1999-ICOMOS-International-Cultural-Tourism-Charter.pdf
  • http://www.whitr-ap.org/index.php?classid=1483&newsid=2316&t=show
• Resolutions of the International Symposium on the Conservation of Smaller Historic Towns (1975). http://www.icomos.org/en/charters-and-texts/180-articles-en-francais/chartes-et-normes/384-resolutions-of-the-international-symposium-on-the-conservation-of-smaller-historic-towns-at-the-4th-icomos-general-assembly
• Resolutions of the International Symposium on the Conservation of Smaller Historic Towns (1975). http://www.icomos.org/index.php/en/what-we-do/disseminating-knowledge/publicationall/other-publications/116-english-categories/resources/publications/394-colloque-sur-la-conservation-des-petites-villes-historiques–symposium-on-the-conservation-of-smaller-historic-towns
• European Charter of the Architectural Heritage (1975). http://www.icomos.org/en/charters-and-texts/179-articles-en-francais/ressources/charters-and-standards/170-european-charter-of-the-architectural-heritage
• International Charters on Conservation: The Lost C(L)auses.  http://www.ceci-br.org/novo/revista/docs2008/CT-2008-120.pdf
• Centre de Documentation de l’ICOMOS.  http://mestrado-reabilitacao.fa.utl.pt/disciplinas/jaguiar/icomoshistorictowns.pdf
• European Charter of the Architectural Heritage (1975). http://www.unescobkk.org/fileadmin/user_upload/culture/cultureMain/Instruments/European_Charter.pdf
• Initiative for a European Cultural Heritage Year.  http://www.dnk.de/_uploads/media/1870_2015-11-20_ECHY%E2%80%93Status%20Report.pdf
• Declaration of Amsterdam (1975). http://www.international.icomos.org/en/charters-and-texts/179-articles-en-francais/ressources/charters-and-standards/169-the-declaration-of-amsterdam.
• Draft Opinion: Towards an integrated approach to cultural heritage for Europe.  http://www.europanostra.org/UPLOADS/FILS/20150226-CommitteRegions-Opinion-CulturalHeritage.pdf
• Declaration of Amsterdam (1975). https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Maria_Bostenaru_Dan/publication/200038775_The_Cultural_Value_of_the_Built_Heritage_in_the_International_Documents_Dedicated_to_the_Preservation_of_the_Cultural_Heritage/links/0d50ae560eacbe9be2e9e867.pdf
• European Convention on the Protection of the Archaeological Heritage (1969). http://orcp.hustoj.com/2015/11/02/archaeology-1969/
• European Cultural Convention (1954). http://orcp.hustoj.com/2015/10/10/european-cultural-convention/
• International Urban Conservation Charters: Catalytic or Passive Tools of Urban Conservation Practices Among Developing Countries.  http://www.ceci-br.org/novo/revista/docs2008/CT-2008-106.pdf
• The World Heritage Convention. http://whc.unesco.org/en/convention/
• Basic Texts of the 1972 World Heritage Convention – UNESCO.  http://orcp.hustoj.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/12/1972-Basic-Texts-of-the-1972-World-Heritage-Convention-UNESCO.pdf
• The World Heritage Convention: An Overview – ICOMOS.  http://www.icomos.org/publications/93touris1.pdf
• List of World Heritage Sites in China.
  • http://orcp.hustoj.com/collections/world-heritage-list-china/
  • Anglin, R., 2013.  The World Heritage List: Bridging the Cultural Property Na- Tionalism-Internationalism Divide. Yale Journal of Law & the Humanities, 20 (2), 241–275.
• Memory of the World in China. http://orcp.hustoj.com/collections/memory-of-the-world/
• Recommendation Concerning International Competitions in Architecture and Town Planning (1956). http://orcp.hustoj.com/2015/10/11/town-planning-1956/
• Records of The General Conference, Ninth Session, New Delhi, 1956. (Full text, original documents)  1956-12-5-Records of The General Conference, Ninth Session, New Delhi, 1956
• Revised Recommendation Concerning International Competitions in Architecture and Town Planning (27 Nov. 1978).
  • Original URL: http://portal.unesco.org/en/ev.php-URL_ID=13134&URL_DO=DO_TOPIC&URL_SECTION=201.html
  • English:  1978-Revised Recommendation concerning International Competitions in Architecture and Town Planning
  • Chinese:  1978-Revised Recommendation concerning International Competitions in Architecture and Town Planning-CN
• Draft Regulations For International Competitions In Architecture, Paris, 30 August 1954, UNESCO. http://unesdoc.unesco.org/images/0016/001607/160785eb.pdf
• Revision of The Recommendation Concerning International Competitions in Architecture and Town Planning (1956).  http://unesdoc.unesco.org/images/0002/000277/027743EB.pdf
• Community as Myth and Reality in the UNESCO World Heritage Convention. In: Nicolas Adell, Regina F. Bendix, Chiara Bortolotto & Markus Tauschek (eds.) Between Imagined Communities and Communities of Practice: Participation, Territory and the Making of Heritage, pp. 273-286. Göttingen: Universitätsverlag Gottingen, 2015.   http://orcp.hustoj.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/12/2015-Between-Imagined-Communities-and-Communities-of-Practice.pdf
• UNESCO, 1972.  UNESCO CONVENTION FOR THE PROTECTION OF THE WORLD CULTURAL AND NATURAL HERITAGE. International Legal Materials, 11 (6), 1358–1366.
•  Universal Copyright Convention. (1953). Nature, 171, 956.
• United Nations Educational Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO), 1972.  UNESCO Recommendation Concerning the Protection, at a National Level, of the Cultural and Natural Heritage. International Legal Materials, 11 (6), 1367–1374.
• Walsh, J. (1974).  Soviet-American Copyright Deals-Better Where Barter Is Possible. Science, 186(4166), 805–807. doi:10.1126/science.186.4166.805
• Merryman, J.H., 1986.  Two Ways of Thinking About Cultural Property. The American Journal of International Law, 80 (4), 831–853.
• Merryman, J.H., 1989. The Public Interest in Cultural Property. California Law Review, 77 (2), 339–364.
• Burns, G. (1991).  Deterioration of our cultural heritage. Nature, 352(6337), 658–660. doi:10.1038/352658a0
• Blake, J. (2000).  On Defining the Cultural Heritage. The International and Comparative Law Quarterly, 49(1), 61–85.
• Balter, M. (2000). Artifacts Prompt Tug-of-War. Science, 287(5450), 33b–33. doi:10.1126/science.287.5450.33b.   Artifacts Prompt Tug-of-War-Science
• Ahmad, Y., 2006.  The Scope and Definitions of Heritage From Tangible to Intangible. International Journal of Heritage Studies, 12 (3), 292–300.
• Schaaf, T. (2003). UNESCO’s experience with the protection of sacred natural sites for biodiversity conservation. In:   The Importance of Sacred Natural Sites for Biological Conservation-Paris (UNESCO)-Proceedings of the International Workshop, Kunming and Xishuangbanna, China. pp. 13-20.
• Meskell, L., 2013.  UNESCO’s World Heritage Convention at 40: Challenging the Economic and Political Order of International Heritage Conservation. Current Anthropology, 54 (4), 483–494.
• Jokilehto, Jukka. “International charters on urban conservation: some thoughts on the principles expressed in current international doctrine.” City & Time 3, no. 3 (2007): 2.
• Auburn, F.M., 1974.  Convention for Preservation of Man’s Cultural Heritage in the Oceans. Science, 185 (4153), 763–764.

Intellectual Property