
纪念联合国教科文组织70周年、中国世界遗产30周年暨建立国家公园体制专题研讨会于2015年10月20日在云南省玉溪市澄江县顺利召开。此次纪念研讨会由联合国教科文组织驻华代表处与中国住房和城乡建设部风景名胜区管理办公室、世界自然遗产保护研究中心联合举办,并得到了中国联合国教科文组织全国委员会、云南省住房和城乡建设厅及玉溪市人民政府的大力支持。
30年来,中国世界遗产蓬勃发展,成为全球世界遗产数量增长最快的国家之一。截至目前,中国共有世界遗产48项,总数位居全球第二;其中,自然遗产10项、自然与文化双遗产4项,数量分别位列世界第二、第一,成为名副其实的世界遗产大国。中国的世界遗产保护事业在有效保护国土范围内最优美的自然景观、生物多样性等热点地区的同时,也向世界展现了中国保护自然生态和人类文明的不懈努力和责任担当。
中国住房和城乡建设部副部长倪虹、云南省副省长高峰、中国联合国教科文组织全委会秘书长杜越、联合国教科文组织驻华代表处文化项目主管古榕女士、联合国教科文组织世界遗产中心原主任拉奥 (Rao Kishore)、美国国家公园管理局副局长佩吉·奥黛尔(Peggy O’dell),以及来自中国国家发展改革委、环保部、国家林业局等相关部委,地方政府及其住房城乡建设主管部门、遗产地管理机构,高校科研机构和相关国际组织的代表参加了此次会议。
会议讨论了中国世界遗产保护本土化、遗产保护的社区参与、管理能力提升、青少年教育等热点话题;以具体案例交流的形式分享了遗产地保护管理经验;为中国丹霞、澄江化石地、新疆天山以及中国南方喀斯特二期世界遗产地颁发了世界遗产证书。
会代表回顾、分享和讨论了世界遗产保护管理经验,探讨了未来世界遗产、国家公园发展战略,并形成《中国世界遗产澄江宣言》。全文(中文和英文版)如下:
《中国世界遗产澄江宣言》(中文版)
1945年,带着“于人之思想中构筑和平”的本初目的,联合国教科文组织成立,致力于在尊重共同价值观的基础上为不同文明、文化和民族之间开展对话交流创造条件。1972年,联合国教科文组织通过了《保护世界文化和自然遗产公约》。1976年,世界遗产委员会成立,建立了《世界遗产名录》。
2015年10月,中国世界遗产30周年暨联合国教科文组织70周年纪念研讨会在中国云南澄江举行。联合国教科文组织等国际组织机构代表、中国中央及地方政府代表以及世界遗产相关专家参加了本次会议。与会代表对全球及中国世界遗产事业发展历程进行了回顾,在世界遗产保护与可持续利用面临的机遇与挑战方面达成了共识。
与会代表达成以下共识与承诺:
- 世界遗产承载着大自然的宝贵精华,延续着文明的精神血脉,具有丰富的自然和文化多样性。我们应该依托世界遗产这一平台,让文明交流互鉴成为增进各国人民友谊的桥梁、推动人类社会进步的动力、维护世界和平的纽带。
- 世界遗产承载着自然与人类的历史和记忆,既包括和谐的果实,也包括苦难的记忆。我们应该在尊重历史事实和共同价值观的基础上构建世界遗产名录,使之真正成为人类认知地球、反思历史、共享智慧的重要载体。同时,确保维护突出普遍价值的严格标准。
- 中国是拥有世界遗产类别最齐全的国家之一。一直以来,非常重视自然和文化遗产保护工作,特别是作为中国国家新战略的生态文明建设也将中国世界遗产保护工作的重要性提到了前所未有的高度。作为《保护世界文化和自然遗产公约》的缔约国,中国积极履行承诺,不断加强与联合国教科文组织及相关咨询机构的沟通合作,积极开展与世界各国在世界遗产保护管理方面的密切协作,为推进全球世界遗产事业可持续发展做出贡献。
- 科学合理地开展中国世界遗产地的申报、保护与可持续利用工作,在严格保护突出普遍价值的同时,激活世界遗产的生命力,让中华文明同世界各国人民创造的丰富多彩的文明一道,为人类提供真正的精神指引和强大的精神动力。
- 全面推进各遗产地的保护管理规划编制工作,确定合理的游客容量,严格按照规划要求落实保护管理工作,避免和减少自然灾害、旅游活动等自然或人为因素对中国世界遗产地的负面影响。
- 提高中国世界遗产地管理与保护的专业能力,结合联合国教科文组织世界遗产中心的能力建设战略,建立与完善能力建设培养体制,对政府、机构和公众进行针对性的能力提升。
- 增强中国世界遗产地的教育功能,完善遗产地解说教育系统,特别是全面开展世界遗产青少年教育,培养青少年保护世界遗产的意识,使其自觉担负起保护世界遗产的责任。
- 进一步加强中国世界遗产地自然科学、历史文化、美学等方面的价值认知和判识工作,为科学、合理保护中国世界遗产地突出普遍价值提供坚实的基础。
- 完善中国世界遗产地的监测、检查和评估工作,建立动态、多维、全面的监控和预警机制,采取积极有效的措施。
协调中国世界遗产地保护管理中各利益相关方的关系,完善社区参与机制和补偿机制,保护当地居民的生活传统、技巧技艺、道德信仰,在推进可持续旅游等活动的同时,促进社区繁荣发展。
所有与会者达成以上共识。
2015年10月20日
《中国世界遗产澄江宣言》(英文版)
Chengjiang Statement of Intent
In 1945, the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO) was founded with the mission to “build peace in the minds of women and men”. The organization has created a platform for dialogue among civilizations,cultures and people, based upon respect for commonly shared values. In 1972, UNESCO adopted the Convention Concerningthe Protection of the World Cultural and Natural Heritage. Four years later, in 1976, the World Heritage Committee and the World Heritage List were established.
In October 2015, the Celebration Symposium for the 70th Anniversary of the Founding of UNESCO and the 30th Anniversary of China’s Ratification of the World Heritage Convention was held in Chengjiang, Yunnan Province, China. Representatives from UNESCO and other international organizations, government authorities from both the central and the local level, as well as experts in the field of World Heritage, attended the Symposium. The participants reviewed UNESCO’s and China’s World Heritage journeys throughout history, and reached a consensus on the challenges and opportunities of World Heritage protection and sustainable use of the sites.
Participants of the Symposium reached the following agreements:
- Featuring rich natural and cultural diversity, World Heritage embodies the essence of nature and transmits the legacy of culture. World Heritage provides a platform for cultural dialogue and mutual learning. It is a bridge that facilitates friendship among the people of the world, a driving force that promotes social development, and a bond for world peace.
- World Heritage embodies the history and the memory of nature and humanity, including both remarkable and painful moments. The World Heritage List should be established on the basis to respect history and common values, and should serve as a medium for humanity’s introspection on nature, history and wisdom. At the same time, the standard of Outstanding Universal Value should not be diluted.
- China is one of the countries with multiple types of World Heritage sites. Great importance has been attached to the protection of natural and cultural World Heritage. The national strategy of the Ecological Civilization has put China’s World Heritage protection mission into unprecedented importance and attention. As a State Party to the Convention, China has been keen to comply with its commitments, continued to strengthen her communication and cooperation with UNESCO and its advisory bodies, and actively established close collaboration with other countries in World Heritage management, in order to contribute to promote sustainable development of World Heritage.
- Prepare World Heritage applications, implement conservation and utilization activities in a scientific and sustainable way. While strictly protecting the Outstanding Universal Value of World Heritage properties, their vitality should be fully unleashed and developed. Chinese civilization will join hands with other rich and colorful civilizations so as to provide spiritual guidance and impetus to all of humanity.
- Promote the formulation of management plans for all World Heritage sites in China, establish reasonable visitor carrying capacity, strictly implement the management and conservation activities according to plans, avoid and reduce negative effects on World Heritage sites caused by natural disasters, tourism activities or other natural and human factors.
- Increase the management and conservation capacities of China’s World Heritagesite managers. Follow the strategies of the UNESCO World Heritage Centre’s and those of its advisory bodies, establish and improve training and capacity building system. Increase specific skills and capacities of government authorities, management institutions and the general public.
- Strengthen the role of World Heritage education and enhance the World Heritage interpretation system. Promote World Heritage education for the youth andincrease awareness of World Heritage protection, in order to let them better undertake the responsibilities for World Heritage conservation.
- Improve the recognition and understanding of World Heritage on the value of natural sciences, historical culture and aesthetics. Therefore, provide a solid base for scientific conservation of the Outstanding Universal Value.
- Enhance monitoring and evaluation at World Heritage sites, establish dynamic and multidimensional supervisory and pre-warning mechanisms, and undertake effective management.
Coordinate relationship among different World Heritage site stakeholders, enhance local communities’ participation, and establish compensation mechanisms. Safeguard local residents’ traditions, skills, arts, moral beliefs, and promote local community prosperity together with sustainable tourism and other benefits.
Endorsed by the participants of the Chengjiang Forum, Yunnan, China.
20 October 2015
Chengjiang Fossil Site:
- Documents:
Original Decision Document
- Context of Decision:
WHC-12/36.COM/8B,
WHC-12/36.COM/INF.8B2
- List of World Heritage Sites in China. http://orcp.hustoj.com/collections/world-heritage-list-china/
- Chengjiang Fossil Site (China). http://whc.unesco.org/en/decisions/4780/
- Ludwig-Maximilians-Universitaet Muenchen (LMU). “Chengjiang biota: Bringing fossils into focus.” ScienceDaily, 18 August 2015. http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2015/08/150818112617.htm
- Liu, Y., Scholtz, G., & Hou, X. (2015).
When a 520 million-year-old Chengjiang fossil meets a modern micro-CT – a case study. Scientific Reports, 5, 12802. doi:10.1038/srep12802
Related:
- 《中国世界自然遗产事业发展公报(1985—2015)》.
《中国世界遗产澄江宣言》于2015年10月20日发布,可以看出我国在世界遗产保护领域里的努力,但该宣言离真正进入UNESCO官方视野,还有很长的路要走。
《中国世界自然遗产事业发展公报(1985—2015)》,虽然是所谓公报,但至今没看到官方发布其全文,这也是我们政府典型的“透明度”问题,真叫人头疼!